We all know we should be cutting back on our consumption of fat, sugar and salt. But they taste so good!
Scientists may now be closing in on a way to trick our brains into believing that desserts and other foods contain more fat, sugar or salt than they actually do.
In preliminary tests using a new device that allows researchers to screen for odour compounds in real foods, they have isolated several natural aromatic molecules that could be used to compensate for the reduction of fat, sugar and salt in healthier foods, making them more appealing to consumers.
Aroma’s important role
Aroma plays a vital role in how we perceive food (just try pinching your nose closed while you eat — chances are you won’t taste anything). Based on this fact, food scientists have long used chemical aromatics, essential oils and botanical extracts to enhance the flavour of food and beverages to boost sales.
Recently, scientists have turned their attention to using aromas to improve the taste of foods made with reduced amounts of fat, sugar and salt, which many consumers avoid because of their notoriously bland flavour.
“If you buy a product made with 30% less salt, and you don’t like it because it isn’t very tasty, what do you do?” asked Thierry Thomas-Danguin, PhD. “You’ll probably reach for the table salt and put some into the product. So the target is missed. Our goal is to optimise the reformulation process, so the food industry can produce more healthful products that consumers will like as they are and will choose to eat them regularly.”
Using ham aroma instead of salt
In earlier work, Thomas-Danguin set out to prove that if the right aroma is added in the right amount in the right places in the right food, the brain can be fooled into thinking there is more fat, sugar or salt in it. Study participants were asked to taste flan, a type of custard, made in layers containing varying amounts of ham aroma and salt. The researchers found that the ham aroma, even though it contained no salt, increased the perception of saltiness of the flan. In fact, some participants thought one variation of the custard — made with ham aroma and salt distributed unevenly in layers throughout it — tasted the same as a flan made in the traditional way with 40% more salt.
New device separates the aroma from the food
In their latest study, Thomas-Danguin and his colleagues at the Centre des Sciences du Goût de l’Alimentation in France, sought to find a new way to isolate aroma molecules associated with sweet tastes. They created a device called a Gas Chromatograph-Olfactometry Associated Taste (GC-OAT) and used it in conjunction with an olfactoscan, which delivers a continuous stream of aromas through a tube to a subject’s nose.
Participants were asked to smell real fruit juice aroma through the olfactoscan. Meanwhile, the researchers used the GC-OAT to isolate molecules from the juice. Then, they added the molecules one at a time into the olfactoscan tube. As the participants smelled each of these mixtures, they were asked if the molecule contributed to their perceived sweetness of the fruit juice. Thomas-Danguin said the preliminary results suggest that this new technique could eventually help food manufacturers better formulate more healthful foods without sacrificing taste, aroma or texture of the original products.
The researchers have presented their work at the 252nd National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS).
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